PTQ Q2 2022 Issue

advanced alumina used for the opti- mised CO promoters results in an even higher proportion of the met- als residing on the outer surface of the particle. The greater the percentage of either palladium or platinum at the surface of the particle, the more accessible the metals are to provide an effective activity response. By Conclusion The energy transition is not a question of choice for down- stream industry; it is demanded by society. Decarbonisation of the energy matrix requires even more flexibility and agil - ity by refiners aiming to keep and improve refining margins in the scenario of reduction in demand for transportation fuels and growing demand for petro- chemicals. However, there are technologies to enable the copro- cessing of renewables and fossil feed streams in crude oil refin - eries, reducing the environmen- tal impact of the downstream industry. incorporating a modified alumina, Grace’s optimised CO promot- ers (both platinum and palladium based technologies) can provide the same CO promotion activity at a lower metals level, with an additional benefit of lower NOx emissions. Based on this new tech - nology, Grace has commercialised Optimized CP P, a low-NOx CO promoter that contains lower palla- dium levels while maintaining CO promotion activity. A customer performed a trial comparing Grace’s Optimized CP P technology versus a competi - Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine the global energy matrix free of fossil transportation fuels, especially in developing econo- mies. Raising the participation of renewable raw material in crude oil refineries can be an attractive strategy. The Brazilian case rein- forces this — even in nations with high demand for transportation fuels, biofuels can play a funda- mental role. provide the same CO promotion activity at a lower metals level Despite recent forecasts indicat - ing falling demand for transpor- tation fuels and growing demand for petrochemicals, transportation fuels are still fundamental to sus- tain the economic development 0% essing of renewable raw material in crude oil refineries is the ten - dency for water retention in the final derivatives. Due to its chem - ical structure, biodiesel for exam- ple tends to retain more than eight times more moisture than fossil diesel which can lead to issues like microbiological degra- dation of the fuel in transport and storage systems. The water con- tent in pure biodiesel can reach close to 1800 ppm while the value in diesel with 20% biodiesel can be close to 280 ppm, and diesel with 5% of biodiesel can contain up to 150 ppm. This will lead the refiners to adapt their hardware to allow water removal from the final derivatives by applying draining systems or the applica- tion of salt filters to control the moisture content. -75% -25% -50% 25% 50% 75% By incorporating a modified alumina, Grace’s opti ised CO promoters can

Optimized CP P of nations, especially developing economies. This reinforces even more the need to reduce carbon emissions in the crude oil process- ing chain. Biofuels can develop a fundamental role to the achieve- ment of this goal in the down- stream industry. Further reading 1 Brazilian Petroleum Agency (ANP), Brazilian Statistical Yearbook , 2020. 2 Energy Research Company (EPE), Analysis of the Biofuels Conjuncture – Technical Report , 2020.

Random Packings, Catalyst Support Material and Column Equipment

Figure 2 Relative change in afterburn for CP P and Optimized CP P vs a competitor promoter 3 Hilbert T, Kalyanaraman M, Novak B, Gatt J, Gooding B, Mccarthy S, Maximising Premium Distillate by Catalytic Dewaxing , 2011.

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4 Reinventing the Refinery through the Energy Transition and Refining- tor’s lower palladium promoter. Figure 1 shows the relative CO pro- moter usage rate for Optimized CP P versus the compe itor promoter. On average, the usage rate for Optimized CP P decreased by 64%. The relative change in afterburn when switching from the compet- itor promoter is shown in Figure 2 . Even though there was a lower usage rate of Optimized CP P, the afterburn was reduced by 11%. Petrochemical Integration , IHS Markit, 2020. 5 Robinson P R, HSU C S, Handbook of Petroleum Technology, 1st ed. Springer, 2017. 6 Zhu F, Hoehn R, Thakkar V, Yuh E, Hydroprocessing for Clean Energy – Design, Operation, and Optimization , 1st ed. Wiley Press, 2017. Marcio Wagner da Silva is a process engineer and Transfer and Storage manager on the crude oil refining industry and based in São José dos Campos, Brazil. His experience includes research, design and construction for the oil and gas industry, including developing and coordinating projects for operational improvements and debottlenecking Security of supply This is a time of exceptional mar - ket volatility around the materials used i CO promoters. It is also a time of uncertainty around trans - portation costs and shipping times. Grace manufactures CO promoters at its facilities in the US, Canada, and Europe, and we do not rely on tolling manufacturers. In addition, we have a skilled and experienced global team of procurement and logistic specialists. This allows us to provide a secure and timely supply of such critical FCC technologies to our customers around the world. This is a time for partnering with established, s cure, and r liable FCC d itive suppliers committed to refine s for the tim ly supply of the highest quality FCC catalyst and additive technologies. bottom of the barrel units. He holds a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Maringa, Brazil, a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Campinas, and MBA in project management from Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. *As of March 28, 2022. Optimized CP ® P is a trademark of W. R. Grace. W. R. Grace & Co. Contact: Colin.Baillie@grace.com Nowadays, it is difficult to imagine the global energy matrix free of fossil transportation fuels, especially in developing economies

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