to evaluate technical trade-offs before implementation and identify practical pathways to lower-carbon operations. Conclusion The use of hydrogen reduces CO 2 emissions from gas turbines, and this strategy for decarbonisation has been advanced by major GT manufacturers. However, these benefits must be evaluated alongside operational constraints and system-level trade-offs. With a hydrogen content of up to 75 vol% in the fuel gas feed, emissions are reduced by approximately 50%. However, due to hydrogen’s low volumetric heating value, the total fuel gas flow rate in some cases approaches a twofold increase. This introduces constraints for existing facilities, where high hydrogen blending with natural gas may be limited by fuel system capacity and infrastructure. The use of ammonia, on the other hand, also reduces CO 2 emissions, actually lower than those achieved with hydrogen. Fuel flow rate requirements are also lower.
Looking at the NOx emissions, the use of hydrogen does not seem advantageous. High combustion chamber temperatures drive up the formation of NOx compared to the use of ammonia. These results indicate that hydrogen and ammonia present different trade-offs for gas turbine decarbonisation, and their application should be evaluated based on operational constraints, emissions performance, and system-level considerations.
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Tina Owodunni Tina.Owodunni@kbc.global Rodolfo Tellez-Schmill Rodolfo.TellezSchmill@kbc.global Michelle Wicmandy Michelle.Wicmandy@kbc.global
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