Decarbonisation Technology - November 2021

Hydrotreating/ Hydrodeoxygenation reactor

Isomeri s ation/selective/ Hydrocracking reactor

Make - up hydrogen

Fractionator

Amine

LPG

PSA

Product stripper

Green n aphtha

Fuel gas

Air

CO r ich stream

Air

Green j et fuel

Ogas

Green d iesel

Air cooler

Chemical injection

Waste water Feed: Fats, vegetable oils

Waste water

This section process layout is licensor dependent

Pretreating

Waste water

Fuel gas

Air

Heavies

Figure 3 Due to feedstock variations, exotherm variations, and accuracy requirements for accurate reporting of yields, utility usage and raw materials, Coriolis meters are recommended for green diesel production flow measurement control

damage to the catalyst bed. Therefore, Coriolis meters are recommended for the reactor feed to recycle ratio and purge rate controls. Coriolis meters are also recommended for control of pre-feed treatment operations to remove contaminants that could harm catalysts in the reactor section. The pre-feed treatment operations mirror food and beverage manufacturing more so than traditional refining.

design. These variations result in inaccuracies impacting the unit mass balance, meeting production targets, and reactor control. The reactor control is especially important because the hydrodeoxygenation reaction is highly exothermic, and the exotherm varies based on feedstock, so accurate control of the target recycle to fresh feed ratio and the purge rates are critical to prevent temperature excursions and

Flaring 2.5%

Sulphur plant 1.8% H plant 5.8%

CRU c oke burn-o 0.36%

Delayed coking 0.21%

Fluid/exi-coking units 0.60%

FCC u nit c oke burn-o 23.5%

Coke calcining 0.101%

Asphalt blowing 0.94%

Other 3.1%

Combustion 63.3%

Blowdown 0.167%

Wastewater treatment 0.40% Storage tanks 0.30%

Cooling towers 0.002% Equipment leaks 0.013%

Figure 4 Contribution of different emission sources to the CO 2 equivalent GHG emission from petroleum refineries (Source: www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-12/documents/refineries.pdf)