improving overall battery efficiency. Additionally, developing scalable manufacturing processes while ensuring cost-effectiveness is essential for large-scale deployment. Evaluating long- term durability and reliability under varied operational conditions, including thermal cycling and environmental exposure, is critical to fully harnessing the potential of sand-based thermal energy storage systems. Conclusion Sand-based thermal energy storage systems leverage the plentiful supply and advantageous thermal properties of sand as a storage medium. Studies have demonstrated improvements in heat holding capacity through the use of mixtures with metal scraps. While sand batteries show potential as environmentally friendly technology, further research and development is needed to enhance their heat-holding capacity and improve insulation within vessels to minimise heat loss. These advancements will be crucial in realising the full potential of sand-based systems for sustainable energy storage solutions. Sand batteries enhance renewable grid stability by storing excess energy produced during peak solar and wind generation times and releasing it during high-demand periods, ensuring a balanced and stable energy supply. They also offer ancillary services such as frequency regulation and load shifting, further bolstering grid resilience and supporting the transition to a more sustainable energy infrastructure. Sand batteries are cost-effective, with about 20% lower costs compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. Compared with other materials, sand is abundant, making it attractive for large-scale applications. Government policies and incentives are driving investments and research, fostering innovation needed to accelerate the deployment of this promising technology.
VIEW REFERENCES
Dr S Sakthivel sakthi.iitd2023@gmail.com
Atul Choudhari achoudhari@tce.co.in
www.decarbonisationtechnology.com
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