Technologies
TRL 2023
Comments
Amine solvents Pre-combustion using generic amines/blends
LNG (100% CO 2 capture); RetroFit SMR (65% CO 2 capture); refining (CO 2 capture varies); natural gas (CO 2 capture varies)
9
Shell Cansolv Fluor Solvent
8-9
9
Pre-combustion
MHI KS-1
8-9 8-9 8-9
Aker Solutions
Pre-/post-combustion
Post-combustion using generic MEA
Generic MEA is the standard by which carbon capture is measured in the power industry Post-combustion such as power plants Pre-/post-combustion – pilot plant & demo conceptual studies equipment
Ammonia solvents Chilled ammonia process
7
AC-ABC
6/4
Physical solvents Selexol
9 9 9
Pre-combustion Pre-combustion Pre-combustion
Rectisol Sulfinol
Other solvent technologies Benfield process Sterically hindered amines
9
Pre-/post-combustion Demo to commercial
6-8
Amine/non-amine blended solvent
5 7
Pilot used at Drax (UK’s largest power station)
ION Clean Energy solvent Phase change solvents
Six-month demo plant operation
5-6
Demo plant in Dunkirk under construction – steel mill CO 2 capture
Amino acid-based solvent – precipating solvents
4-5 2-3 2-3
Lab tests to conceptual studies
Encapsulated solvents
Lab tests Lab tests
Ionic liquids
Direct air capture
7
Membrane Natural gas processing separation membranes
9
Polymeric membranes
4-8
3 FEEDs with demo in Wyoming – feed studies for large pilots (MTR & Univ of Texas)
Electrochemical membrane integrated with MCFCs
7 6 4
Large pilots Pilot studies
Polymeric membranes/cryogenic hybrid Polymeric membranes solvent hybrid
Conceptual studies
SINTEF membranes
6-7
Unclear as SINTEF is a non-commercial research group
Room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) membranes
2
R&D only
Solid adsorbent/filter Direct air capture
7
Metal-organic framework (MOF) technology
2-4
Lab testing, early design/development
Solid looping Calcium looping (CaL)
6-7 5-6
Commercial-scale feasibility/cost studies
Chemical looping combustion
Pilot tests
Other technologies Engineered enzymes
7 3
Pilot/demo at pulp plant Accelergy’s TerraSync
Algae/bacteria
Table 1 Carbon capture Technology Readiness Levels
www.decarbonisationtechnology.com
48
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