Project
Developer
Project
Capacity
Scheduled
CO 2 saving Investment
components
date
Hydrogen Hub
Air Products Ltd
ATR + CCS
1,500 metric
2024
–
$1.1 billion
Edmonton
Power from H 2 by Baker Hughes
tonnes per day
Western Canada
H2H Saltend
Equinor, Norway
ATR + CCS by Linde
600 MW to
2026
8 million tonnes per year
–
project
expand to 1,200 MW H 2 production to produce 125,000 MT of H 2 for power
Humber, UK
Ascension Parish, Air Products
SMR + CCS
750 million SCFD of H 2
2026
5 million tonnes per year
$4.5 billion
Blue H 2 Energy
Complex,
Louisiana US
H2morrow Pilot Project,
Equinor, Open Grid
ATR + CCS
8.6 million MWH equivalent H 2
–
–
1.9 million
Germany
Europe
SMR – Steam methane reforming, ATR – Auto thermal reforming, CCS – Carbon capture and storage, SCFD – Standard cubic feet per day
Table 2 Large SMR hydrogen with CCS projects under development
Criteria ↓
Process →
Steam methane reforming (SMR)
Water electrolysis (WE) Methane pyrolysis (MP)
Energy required/MT of H 2 , MWH CO 2 produced/MT of H 2, MT 1 By-products/MT of H 2 , MT
6
55
10
9-10
0
0
CO 2
Oxygen - 8
Carbon - 3
Energy efficiency, % 2
75
55-70
58
Levelised cost of hydrogen, $
2
5
2.8 (1.6 with credit for by-product carbon)
Sources: BASF (BASF, 2023); 1 Using electricity sourced from renewables; 2 (Sanchez-Bastardo, et al., 2021)
Table 3 Comparison of broad parameters
increases in the efficiency of electrolysers and future reductions in the unit cost. A full-scale offtake of char or carbon black co-produced in the pyrolysis process will invariably reduce the cost of turquoise hydrogen. Progress with research on reactor design, modularisation, catalyst development, and process control will lead to improvements in process reliability with a consequential reduction in the cost of hydrogen. Methane pyrolysis is an important emerging technology that presents an economically attractive hydrogen production process with
zero CO₂ emissions. When bio-methane is used as the feedstock, it can result in a negative carbon intensity (Monolith hydrogen, 2023). Given the forecast future demand for hydrogen, it should be seen as complementary to blue and green hydrogen production and an important contributor in building the hydrogen economy.
VIEW REFERENCES
Dr MP Sukumaran Nair nairmps50@gmail.com
www.decarbonisationtechnology.com
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