Decarbonisation Technology - November 2023 Issue

Hydrogen economy Part 2: Converting strategy into reality An in-depth look at the supporting elements of the hydrogen supply chain: economics and regulations and how to operate within the infrastructure

Robert Ohmes, Nathan Barkley, Mike Annon, Greg Zoll and Jessica Hofmann Becht

T he pursuit of the hydrogen economy continues to evolve as energy providers, energy consumers, and logistics firms examine the economic and technical viability of hydrogen as a pathway to meet decarbonisation goals. As highlighted in Part One of this series, many challenges and opportunities exist within the production, distribution, and consumption sections of the hydrogen supply chain. Though not insurmountable, these items require close examination and analysis to drive the hydrogen economy. Within Part Two, we will take a deeper look at the supporting elements of the hydrogen economy: economics and regulations. As is often the case, the regulatory framework will provide the context, rules, and optionality to operate within the hydrogen economy, and the

economic incentives, both positive and negative, will provide the cash flow and returns to fund investments in hydrogen infrastructure. Economic and regulatory drivers As highlighted in Part One, for the hydrogen supply chain to function and grow, consumers need to see value in using low-carbon hydrogen, while hydrogen producers and midstream operators need positive economics to justify their investments (see Figure 1 ). Currently, only about 10% of announced hydrogen projects have reached Final Investment Decision (FID). Besides some of the technical concerns discussed in Part One, the main reasons for the lack of further progress are clear financial incentives and regulatory signals.

HYDROGEN SUPPLY CHAIN

Producers

Distribution

Consumers

Blue hydrogen

Combustion

Renewable gasoline, jet & diesel + E-fuels + fuel cells

Compression

Gas pipeline

Green hydrogen

Liquifaction

Grey hydrogen

Ammonia

Turquoise hydrogen

Steel

Liquid and gas storage

Liquid and gas transportation

Cooking

Pink hydrogen

Power

Regulatory

Financial

Feasibilty

Safety

Mechanical integrity

Figure 1 Hydrogen economy supply chain overview