Media Details 2022 PTQ + Digital Refining

9TH REFINING INDIA: SEPTEMBER 2022

Following on from this year's virtual event, it is expected Refining India 2022will return as a live event. This will provide the perfect opportunity for senior executives from all of India’s major refining companies tomeet in person to discuss the industry's leading-edge developments.

Call For Papers: Email your 200-word abstract to presentations@refiningindia.com by 15March 2022.

SponsorshipOpportunities: please contact Paul Mason, sales@petroleumtechnology.com

CONFERENCE NEWSPAPERS

the conference and exhibition areas. We also send 28,000+ DigitalRefining / PTQ subscribers a link to a digital version. If you would like to submit editorial, please contact Rachel Storry, production@petroleumtechnology.com . If you would like to discuss advertising, please contact Paul Mason, sales@petroleumtechnology.com.

As strategic media partner for the ARTC / Asian Downstream Summit / DownstreamUSA Conference, as well as the European Refining Technology Conference, DigitalRefining / PTQ are publishers of the official conference newspapers. A copy of the A3 sized newspapers is given to every person at registration, with additional copies made available throughout

15 - 18 November 2021 ERTC 202 2 Official newspaper published by PTQ / Digital Refining

ARTC 202 2 24 - 25 May 202 2 Official newspaper published by Crambeth Allen Publishing

inside

Co-located with

The Most Crucial Downstream Event in a Generation

Arkema achieved its 6000th sulphiding job in September 2019

Downstream USA 202 2

21-22 October 202 2

Official newspaper published by PTQ / Digital Refining

Forecast of global crude oil price 2019

inside

2030 isn’t long off – the future of advanced biofuels Race to decarbonisation Jiří Hájek CEO I Chairman of the Board of Directors, Unipetrol Centre for Research and Education

inside

Covid-19 provides a warning to refiners that adaption is key to thrive in the energy transition 3 Sabin Metal Corp. announces capacity expan ion p oject 4 Renewabl s: four options for greater market share and profitability 7

Race to decarbonisation

Arkema achieved its 6000th sulphiding job in September 2019

Yu Jiao sinopec

Residue upgrading with steam cracking aromatics Upgrade existing site to maximise chemical yield

Become rst quartile integrated renery/ petrochemical site

Jiří Hájek CEO I Chairman of the Board of Directors, Unipetrol Centre for Research and Education

Oil Demand With the global financial market rel- atively stable and the trade situation not seriously dete- riorating, global oil demand is expected to increase by about

The next US waiver deadline of Iran sanction is 4 May. One of the largest ques- tion for oil markets is how the US will handle the next waiver requests. As hap- pened before the previous waiver dead- line in November 2018, uncertainty will persist until the final weeks or even days. We believe some waivers will ultimately be granted again, on the condition of even greater cuts and exports may duly fall to 800 Mbpd in Q419. Conclusion In general, we expect the international oil price in 2019 to be slightly lower than 2018, and the average price of Brent is expected to be US$60-70/Bbl. High scenario: US nuclear sanctions against Iran escalate and local conflicts break out; or the geopolitical turmoil of other oil-producing countries escalates, and the average price of Brent exceeds US$80/Bbl. Low scenario: Economic crisis occurs and oil demand drops significantly; or the US and Iran re-establish a nuclear agree- ment, the supply and demand is loose, and the average oil price of Brent is lower than US$60/Bbl. ■

mainly due to the increase in production of the US, Russia, Canada, Brazil, and other countries. In general, Global oil sup- ply is expected to increase by 1 MMbpd in 2019, which is lower than in 2018. Balance Under this circumstance, the fundamen- tals of the global oil market is likely to maintain a basic balance between supply and demand, but the market is still facing many uncertainties. UncertaintieS Geopolitical tensions escalated dramati- cally in early 2019, and all signs are now pointing to even lower OPEC supply than previously expected. Besides, even the OPEC members with the highest expected 2019 supply growth, Iraq and Nigeria, carry notable security risks. The most significant political develop- ment came when the US implemented sur- prisingly punitive oil sector sanctions on Venezuela. Measures include a de facto ban on Venezuelan crude exports to the US, and an explicit ban on US diluent exports to Venezuela. As a result, we fore- cast its crude supply to be lower than 900 Mbpd by the end of second quarter.

Sabin Metal Corp. announces capacity expansion project 4 Renewables: four options for greater market share and profitability 7

Existing assets and operation Introducing FUSION – the best of both worlds Invest Circularity is key to any transformation plan

Secure otake via ownership of fuels marketing channels/ trading partnerships

Sylvain Verdier, Magnus Zingler Stummann, Mikala Grubb and Jostein Gabrielsen Haldor Topsoe A/S

For catalytic pyrolysis, Topsoe research- ers are working with engineers from the Research Triangle Institute to develop tech- nology that can produce and upgrade pyrol- ysis oil from woody biomass. Our research and development teams are also working on two projects that involve designing and upgrading Fischer-Tropsch products from municipal solid waste and woody residue. Two EU hydrothermal liquefaction projects also have Topsoe involvement. These are aimed at producing bio-oils and renewable fuels from urban waste. However, recent hopes have been directed towards advanced biofuels, which do not clash with the production of food. We are talking about feeds that until now have been considered waste and so either disposed of in landfills or converted into heat and/or electricity. The hardest challenge comes with the collection, sort- ing and purification of these so-called renewable waste streams. Challenges and opportunities for future biofuel technologies Advancedbiofuelshave tremendouspoten- tial to transform the world’s waste into val- uable fuel. Regardless of the method, it will be hard work to mature these technologies to the point of widespread commercial success in 2030. 1st Generation changes. We r ad in the medi that global society is now calling for fast and entire decarbonisation, and politicians are lis- tening closely to what the younger gener- ation has to say. The message is clear, so why don’t we run only on biofuels today? Well, there are multiple reasons. We need to listen and also understand the science. So-called 1G biofuels revealed that the use of biofuels may not actually help us achieve our decarbonisation tar- get, if all the emissions from harvesting, production and distribution are taken into account. Despite this, we continue to pro- duce and utilise FAME, or 1G ethanol, as it is produced in large quantities globally without a significant impact on the agri- cultural business. Indeed, standardisation in both planting and harvesting and, above all, guaranteed demand has resulted in multiple investments and hence increased efficiency in the agricultural industry. Fast py r olysis Low oil yi e ld Challenging to upgrade Challenges Industrial unit successfully ran in the USA Commercial for biomass (up to 160 t/d) and demo units for plastic waste Status demo or industrial units Dry biomass, plastic Dry biomass, plastic 400–550˚C 450–550˚C 0–35 wt% 35–45 wt% Product oxygen Medium/high Low Complexity 1 barg (up to 35 barg H for hydropyrolysis ) 1 barg Operating pressure Carbon recovery in liquid product 50–70% 10–45% Fast pyrolysi Rapeseed oil Palm oil Sunower oil Soybean oil Virgin oils Suitable feedstock Operating temperature Refiners in the EU are currently chasing the opportunity to utilise existing assets to convert used cooking oil (UCO) to a bio- fuel known as hydrodeoxygenated vege- table oil (HVO). Such material converted to HVO may even improve some parame- ters of the final diesel blend (for example, reduced sulphur and nitrogen content, and higher cetane number). On the other hand, it may create obstacles at low tempera- tures if not treated properly. However, the Renewable Energy Directive, RED II, limits the use of such renewable material, which

The use of biofuels is increasing industry- wide due to legislation incentives aimed at producing low greenhouse gas-emit- ting transport fuels. Feedstock used to produce this renewable diesel and jet fuel mostly consists of virgin oils (rapeseed, soybean, etc) and fatty acid-based waste (cooking oils or animal fats). While this development is positive, the industry must look ahead to 2030, when legislation gets even tighter. Then, in Europe, 3.5% of transport fuels will have to be produced from feedstocks listed in Annex IX Part A in 2030. These feedstocks include the organic fraction of municipal waste, forestry residue, and sewage sludge. separately in various parts of the world by the end of the 19th century, the struc- ture of both complex refineries and petro- chemical plants remains very similar today, whether they are in Japan, Germany or California. Of course, there are some devi- ations reflecting crude slate or regional customer appetite, but the conversion of crude oil to fuel gas, LPG, gasoline, kero- sene, diesel, fuel oils, bitumen, sulphur, and petrochemicals in almost every com- plex refinery follows the same principles. However, today’s era of decarbonisation in the refining industry and transportation sector shifts the structure of refineries in a different direction. Traditional fossil feed- stocks are likely to be at least partially replaced by renewable and alternative waste materials. This shift is linked closely to environmental legislation mainly in Europe, and partially driven by global cus- tomers’ growing appetite for renewables. Refineries in the western part of the EU, located on the Mediterranean or Atlantic coast lines, are facing multiple chal- lenges. Over the last few decades, they have been struggling with imports of high- quality fuels from highly efficient refiner- ies in North America and the Middle East while regional customer demand has been shifting towards renewables. It is no sur- prise, then, that these regions were the first to convert their traditional crude oil- based refineries to bio-refineries. Others were simply brave enough to exploit the market niche while supporting legislative Currently, there are no commercially available processes capable of meeting this demand. Research and development is ongoing, with several technologies showing potential for widespread commercial suc- cess. These include fast pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, gasification and Fischer-Tropsch technology, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Where biofuels are today Biofuels currently consist of bioethanol, FAME, renewable diesel, and sustainable aviation fuels. Feedstocks used for these biofuels consist of mostly fatty acid-based virgin oils or animal fat and cooking oil waste. These feedstocks meet the require- ments of today – but they will not meet the requirements of tomorrow. The EU’s Annex IX Part A describes which types of waste are expected to be used to meet future legislation. Many of these feedstocks are solid waste originat- ing from forestry residue or municipal solid waste ( Figure 1 ). Four promising thermochemical biofuel technologies Several thermochemical technologies are capable of converting such waste into bio- oils or biocrudes. Four of them show prom- ise for commercial success based on their operating parameters, yields, challenges, and implementation status ( Table 1 ). Partnering for biofuel research Haldor Topsoe has been working to advance biocrude and bio-oil technol- ogy for the past decade, through partner- ships with research institutes worldwide. Each of these technologies’ development stages varies, with some more suited for specific feedstocks than others. Over the past 100 years, we have mainly experienced standardisation of the refining and pet- rochemical indus- try. Although the individual technolo- gies had emerged

and decisions must be made as to whether production units should be placed near the feedstock or the refinery. The pretreatment process must also be considered. Pretreatment is an estab- lished technology for fatty acid-based feedstocks, but the development status for biocrude treatment is unclear. A clear process must be in place to remove con- taminants. Upgrading strategies must also be established in the form of stand-alone units or co-processing. Contact: Jiri.Hajek@unicre.cz As with any change, building and operat- ing new units will come at a cost, especially for first movers. Incentives, legislation, and tax advantages should be factored into any cost analysis, though, since long-term savings can be achieved via lower green- house gas emissions. The multiple challenges described above, combined with relatively immature technologies, show that 2030 is not the distant future. The time is now to address challenges, further develop biofuel tech- nology, and act to meet the legislative needs of today – and tomorrow. ■ Most of the above-mentioned options require the use of hydrogen, an essen- tial element widely produced from fossil feedstocks. In the race for decarbonisa- tion, refiners will therefore have to utilise the feedstock that is regionally available to them and still allows for a reasonable business case, or import advanced bio- fuels from other regions. The question is, what will be the effect of such changes on a regionally harmonised environment, at least in Europe? ■ 3rd Generation Gasification of municipal solid waste to syngas and then conversion to biofu- els may be an opportunity, but the pres- ence of contaminants in such material and the need for its further utilisation renders most of these projects unrealistic without severe subsidy provision or a clear ban on landfill disposal. Regions without a sur- plus of forest residuum, straw, nut shells, or other renewable feedstocks are there- fore looking to reduce their crude oil con- sumption by chemical recycling of waste plastics, or utilisation of the natural rub- ber in old tyres as a component for biofu- els production. Agricultural residue Sewage sludge Forestry residue Organic fraction of MSW Mixed plastic waste Micro or macro algae Low ILUC crops Carinata Castor Camelina Solid waste Ungradability of feedstocks; high temperature pumps; waste water Support is currently being given to pro- jects th t focus on the conversion of other renewable waste streams to bio- fuels. Although most of us are aware of the possibility of converting forest residuum or straw to linear alkanes via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) or hydro- pyrolysis, a real-scale commercial pro- ject has yet to emerge, mainly due to the absence of effective feed collection and preparation of the concept in an economi- cally justifiable way. FT and upgrading are mature technologies Demo units are being built Sewage sludge, algae, woody biomass, plastic Dry biomass, plastic 250–450˚C 700–1500˚C 10–20 wt% 5–15 wt% High High 100–350 barg 1–70 barg 75% 25–45% is already being collected, sorted, puri- fied, and processed to a certain extent, even though it can be a successful alter- native to 1G biofuel.

Energy transition, carbon reduction & circularity (with regulatory support)

Liquid renewables (HVO, SAF)

Site closure - import terminal and land investment Improve eciency, margin capture by digitalisation, cost excellence and inventory/ trading partners Decarbonisation (efuels, H using CCS, plastic recycling etc)

500

Over the past 100 years, we have mainly experienced standardisation of the refining and pet- rochemical indus- try. Although the individual technolo- gies had emerged

Pitfalls in managing precious metals assets

Catalytic pyrolysis Gasication + Fischer-Tropsch Hydrothermal liquefaction Cat lytic pyrolysi Gasificati Fi r- ropsch l li uefaction

450

FUSION

“Run for positive cash ow”

400

350

300

Traditional catalyst systems

250

Introducing FUSION – the best of both worlds

Profitably complying with RED II: A Q&A with Shell biofuel technology specialists 4 200 100 150 50

1.3 MMbpd in 2019, which is lower than 2018. Among all the countries, the growth rate of US demand will slow down remark- ably. The emerging economies with light debt burden in the Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia are less affected by trade friction and exchange rate fluctuations, and their contribution to global growth is expected to increase. Oil Supply As major suppliers of oil with an output over 10 MMbpd, the production strate- gies and changes of US, Saudi Arabia and Russia countries are crucial to the market. OPEC crude oil production will fall by 0.9 MMbpd in 2019 due to the production- cut agreement, and non-OPEC production will increase by nearly 2 MMbpd year-on- year. The growth rate of non-OPEC pro- duction is slightly lower than that in 2018,

100

1000

10 000

Implementing advanced technologies for crude to chemicals projects Case study: How Shell is navigating the energy transition

Beyond the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) II: introduction to future of sustainable biochemicals Energy transition: solving a global problem requires a holistic pursuit C se study: How Shell is navigating the energy transition Adding value with catalyst testing – supporting refineries in challenging times The future is now Implementing dvanced technologies for crude to chemicals projects Pore s ize [A]

separately in various parts of the world by the end of the 19th century, the struc- ture of both complex refineries and petro- chemical plants remains very similar today, whether they are in Japan, Germany or California. Of course, there are some devia- tions reflecting crude slate or regional cus- tomer appetite, but the conversion of crude oil to fuel gas, LPG, gasoline, kerosene, die- sel, fuel oils, bitumen, sulphur, and petro- chemicals in almost every complex refinery follows the same principles. However, today’s era of decarbonisation in the refining industry and transportation sector shifts the structure of refineries in a different direction. Traditional fossil feed- stocks are likely to be at least partially replaced by renewable and alternative waste materials. This shift is linked closely to environmental legislation mainly in Europe, and partially driven by global cus- tomers’ growing appetite for renewables. Refineries in the western part of the EU, located on the Mediterranean or Atlantic coast lines, are facing multiple chal- lenges. Over the last few decades, they have been struggling with imports of high- quality fuels from highly efficient refiner- ies in North America and the Middle East while regional customer demand has been shifting towards renewables. It is no sur- prise, then, that these regions were the first to convert their traditional crude oil- based refineries to bio-refineries. Others were simply brave enough to exploit the market niche while supporting legislative changes. We read in the media that global society is now calling for fast and entire decarbonisation, and politicians are listen- ing closely to what the younger generation has to say. The message is clear, so why don’t we run only on biofuels today? Well, there are multiple reasons. We need to listen and also understand the science. So-called 1G biofuels revealed that the use of biofuels may not actually help us achieve our decarbonisation tar- get, if all the emissions from harvesting, production and distribution are taken into account. Despite this, we continue to pro-

Gasication of biomass, cleaning and conditioning of syngas before FT

The IMO regulations and their impact on the world of refining Celebrating women in the downstream industry

Table 1 Thermochemical technologies to convert waste into biocrudes/bio-oils

The future is now

2nd Generation

Refining’s digital transformation

Rare earths weaponised: the impact on FCC units from an escalation in global trade tensions Arkema develops new digital features for the sulphiding of hydroprocessing catalysts Versatile performance with BioFlux renewable diesel

Waste oils and fats

duce and utilise FAME, or 1G ethanol, as it is produced in large quantities globally without a significant impact on the agri- cultural business. Indeed, standardisation in both planting and harvesting and, above all, guaranteed demand has resulted in multiple investments and hence increased efficiency in the agricultural industry. However, recent hopes have been directed towards advanced biofuels, which do not clash with the production of food. We are talking about feeds that until now have been considered waste and so either disposed of in landfills or converted into heat and/or electricity. The hardest challenge comes with the collection, sort- ing and purification of these so-called renewable waste streams. Refiners in the EU are currently chasing the opportunity to utilise existing assets to convert used cooking oil (UCO) to a bio- fuel known as hydrodeoxygenated vege- table oil (HVO). Such material converted to HVO may even improve some parame- ters of the final diesel blend (for example, reduced sulphur and nitrogen content, and higher cetane number). On the other hand, it may create obstacles at low tempera- tures if not treated properly. However, the Renewable Energy Directive, RED II, limits the use of such renewable material, which is already being collected, sorted, puri- fied, and processed to a certain extent, even though it can be a successful alter- native to 1G biofuel. Support is currently being given to pro- jects that focus on the conversion of other renewable waste streams to biofuels.

Although most of us are aware of the pos- sibility of converting forest residuum or straw to linear alkanes via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) or hydro-pyrolysis, a real-scale commercial project has yet to emerge, mainly due to the absence of effective feed collection and preparation of the concept in an economically justifi- able way. Gasification of municipal solid waste to syngas and then conversion to biofu- els may be an opportunity, but the pres- ence of contaminants in such material and the need for its further utilisation renders most of these projects unrealistic without severe subsidy provision or a clear ban on landfill disposal. Regions without a sur- plus of forest residuum, straw, nut shells, or other renewable feedstocks are there- fore looking to reduce their crude oil con- sumption by chemical recycling of waste plastics, or utilisation of the natural rub- ber in old tyres as a component for biofu- els production. Most of the above-mentioned options require the use of hydrogen, an essen- tial element widely produced from fossil feedstocks. In the race for decarbonisa- tion, refiners will therefore have to utilise the feedstock that is regionally available to them and still allows for a reasonable business case, or import advanced bio- fuels from other regions. The question is, what will be the effect of such changes on a regionally harmonised environment, at least in Europe? ■

Used Cooking Oils (UCO) Animal fats Palm Oil Mill Euent (POME) Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) Spent Bleaching Earth Oil (SBEO) Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Distillers Corn Oil (DCO) Crude Tall Oil (CTO)

Figure 1 List of potential feedstocks to produce biofuels

Shell Catalysts & Technologies helps find solutions in the ever-changing energy landscape

In-line H 2 S analysis during sulphiding 11 Residue conversion enhances the pulse of Asia-Pacific refining 12 A new generation of catalyst is born: TK-6001 HySwell 13 The dichotomy of the energy landscape 13

Celebrating women in the downstream industry

18 20 20

Celebrating women in the downstream industry

18 20 20

Be future forward

Refineries with challenges

SHELL Catalysts & Technologies

Refineries with challenges

Rising Stars

benefits of working with one team that can bring a comprehensive approach along with the innovative solutions they need – today and into the future. Furthermore, Shell Catalysts & Technologies can bring a wider range of integrated solutions across a much larger value chain, including upstream, downstream, refining, chemi- cals, and gas processing. Powering progress together by collab- orating around solutions to help provide more and cleaner energy, Shell contin- ues to demonstrate its commitment to its customers’ success. No matter what their specific needs are, Shell’s customers’ uni- verse of answers, expert advice and pos- sibilities will become much larger. This change means more opportunity as Shell Catalysts & Technologies embraces an exciting future. ■

help customers meet complex and grow- ing challenges, such as increasing bio- fuel content in transportation fuels and improving air quality through improved emissions control and carbon capture. By working with Shell Catalysts & Technologies, customers will have all the DID you know Shell Catalysts & Technologies can bring a wider range of integrated solutions?

Global energy needs continue to increase year after year. This means the challenges that Shell customers will face in meet- ing those needs will continue to increase. Bringing together Shell’s catalyst, licens- ing and technical services businesses under the banner of Shell Catalysts & Technologies will help continue growing your business and highlight our commit- ment to the industry by bringing the new- est technology to address the world’s important issues. CRI, Criterion and Shell Global Solutions have always been at the forefront of devel- oping new technologies. Moving forward, operating under the Shell Catalysts & Technologies brand, we can provide even stronger support to customers through better integrated technologies, catalysts and services We are better positioned to

Rising Stars

Will electrification trump CCS as a decarbonisation pathway?

Precious metals recycling: quality of service Will electrifi ation trump CCS as a decarbonisation pathway? Isomalk-2: a low-temperature, non-chlorinated light naphtha isomerisation process

Activity still key for FCC catalyst to improve profit margin

advertisers

advertisers advertisers

SAVE THE DATE

Axens

2 5 6 8

advertisers

Axens

2 5 6 8

Haldor Topsoe

WR Grace Haldor Topsoe Shell Catalysts & Technologies Haldor Topsoe

2 5 6

Shell Catalysts & Technologies

Arkema

Shell Catalysts & Technologies World Refining Association

2 6 7

Axens

Arkema

WR Grace

10 12 14 17 23 24

hte

As with all renewable fuel production projects, a high-quality feedstock supply will be crucial. Regulatory affairs, logis- tics, and supply levels all must be bal- anced against each other in the process. Advanced infrastructure must be in place, Usman Rashi Project Development Our 2019 Finalists

Crystaphase WR Grace Arkema Sulzer Sabin Albemarle Sabin Johnson Matthey Honeywell UOP

10 12 14 17 23 24

Honeywell UOP

11& 12

Digitalrefining.com

13 15 17 19 21 22

Sabin

Sabin Metal

10 12 15 16

Johnson Matthey

Arkema

MELIÁ CASTILLA HOTEL, MADRID

World Refining Association

Becht Shell Catalysts & Technologies World Refining Association Cryst pha e

Crystaphase

Contact: Jiri.Hajek@unicre.cz

Contact: mikg@topsoe.com

1 16 - 19 November 2020 MELIÁ CASTILLA HOTEL , MADRID SAVE THE DATE Europe’s largest meet ing place for the wor ld’s downstream leaders Pablo Dosdá Process Plant Engineer CEPSA Engineer Essar Oil

ERTC RISING STARS

Irena Rybkowska Specialist PKN Orlen

“How would you awaken the downstream dinosaur?” Rising Stars has been created to celebrate the future leaders of the refining and petrochemical industry. In this session, our 4 finalists will pitch their answer and ideas on how they would awaken the downstream dinosaur.

Europe’s largest meet ing place for the wor ld’s downstream leaders Sandil Sanmugam Project Manager + 44 207 384 7744 Sandil.Sanmugam@Wraconferences.com For more information on the programme, please contact: Damian Kwiatkowski Junior Process Engineer, Grupa LOTOS

CONTACTS

Your votes will select the winner!

For more information on the programme, please contact: For more information on sponsorship opportunities, please c tact: Watch our finalists present their vision on Wednesday 6th November at 10:20 in Warsaw Hall I, wh re you’ll get the opportunity t vote for the overall winner.

PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY QUARTERLY

Rachel Storry Production Enquiries T +44 844 5888 776 production@petroleumtechnology.com Sandil Sanmugam Project Manager + 44 207 384 7744 Sandil.Sanmugam@Wraconferences.com Ivan Lukyanenka Business Development Manager +44 207 384 7995 ivan.lukyanenka@wraconferences.com For more information on sponsorship opportunities, please contact: er tc .wraconferences . com Ivan Lukyanenka Business Develop ent Manager +44 207 384 7995 ivan.lukyanenka@wraconferences.com

Chris Cunningham Editorial Enquiries T +44 844 5888 773 editor@petroleumtechnology.com

Paul Mason Advertising Enquiries T +44 844 5888 771 sales@petroleumtechnology.com

er tc .wraconferences . com