The last important variable in the study is NOx. Excess O 2 has a major impact on NOx; however, both additives showed similar NOx performance at varying ranges of excess O 2 (see Figure 9 ). The addition rate difference between the two additives was equal within error. Hence, the new CO promoter with lower palladium content, COP-NP HD, showed equivalent performance to COP-NP. COP-NP HD opens opportunities for significant metal cost savings to refiners. Similar results have been obtained at multiple North American refineries where COP-NP HD has been used. Conclusions Afterburning in the FCC regenerator is a key constraint in many FCC operations. Controlling afterburning is very important but often under-emphasised to help maximise FCC profitability and reliability. COP-NP HD, with improved metals dispersion and metal- support interaction, is an attractive choice of combustion promoter that allows metal cost savings while maintaining the low NOx benefit of COP-NP. Understanding coke fundamentals, regenerator opera- tion, and changes that impact CO and afterburn combined with the overall economic picture of changing metals prices and the costs affiliated with post-treaters provides major opportunities for FCC operation optimisation. The ability to understand and optimise leads to reduced downtime and the ability to process more opportunity feeds and operate at higher unit feed rates.
COP-NP COP-NP HD
Dense temperature , ˚F
Figure 7 Afterburn vs dense bed temperature
COP-NP COP-NP HD
O , vol%
Figure 8 CO and afterburn vs excess O 2
COP-NP and COP-NP HD are marks of Johnson Matthey.
References 1 Wilson, J. W., FCC Regenerator Afterburn Causes and Cures , National Petrochemical & Refiners Association, AM-03-44, 2003. 2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/ understanding-global-warming-potentials (accessed Nov 2022). 3 Johnson Matthey, PGM Market Report, May 2022. 4 Johnson Matthey, PGM Management, 2022, https://matthey.com/ products-and-markets/pgms-and-circularity/pgm-management (ac - cessed Nov 2022). 5 Sadeghbeigi, R., Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook , 3rd ed., 2012, Elsevier Inc. Heather Blair is an FCC Technical Service Engineer for Johnson Matthey, responsible for analysis, recommendations, and customer interface in the FCC additives business. She has 12 years of experience in the refin - ing industry. She holds a BS and MS in chemical engineering from the University of Wyoming. Email: Heather.Blair@matthey.com Xunhua Mo is an FCC Lab Testing Supervisor with Johnson Matthey’s Catalyst and Technologies Fuels & Energy business in Savannah, USA. Her work focuses on the development and evaluation of FCC additives. She holds a PhD in chemistry from Clemson University. Email: Xunhua.Mo@matthey.com Marie Goret-Rana is a Market Manager for Johnson Matthey’s Catalyst and Technologies Fuels & Energy business, responsible for advising JM’s Additives Business on market dynamics and future trends as well as supporting the development of future solutions/technologies. She holds a Master of Chemistry from Chimie ParisTech and an MBA from Paris Sorbonne Business School. Email: Marie.Goret-Rana@matthey.com Todd Hochheiser is Global Technical Service Manager at Johnson Mat -
COP-NP COP-NP HD
O , vol%
Figure 9 NOx vs excess O 2
they, leading a team responsible for technologies including FCC, puri- fication, and syngas. He holds a BS in chemical engineering from the University of Delaware and Master of Business Administration from the University of California Irvine. Email: Todd.Hochheiser@matthey.com Rick Fisher is a Global Technical Services Leader for Johnson Matthey, supporting refineries across the globe. He holds a BS in chemical engi - neering from University of Oklahoma. Email: Rick.Fisher@matthey.com Paul Diddams is President and CEO of DIDDAMS s.r.o. providing con - sultation in catalyst-related areas in the fuels and energy sector, and a Research Fellow at the Centre of Advanced Materials in Charles Uni- versity in Prague. He holds a BSc in chemistry from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and a PhD in physical chemistry from the Univer- sity of Cambridge. Email: Paul@Diddams.cz
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