Conclusion This article illustrates the DHDT hybrid digital twin model built to strengthen the IOCL proprietary DHDT model by leveraging ML algorithms for robust predictions throughout the catalyst lifecycle. The mode of kinetic model integration with ML models varies with the type of application. Here, we applied a block-oriented manner to map the deacti- vation pattern into the kinetic model, thereby estimating kinetics (with time-dependent aspects). The hybrid model was successfully applied to extend catalyst life by adjusting operating parameters. It was used as an offline advisory tool for providing optimum make-up hydrogen with changes in crude mix. The methodology presented in this study can be extended for real-time data processing and subsequent implementation for online applications through the integration of APC for optimal usage of make-up hydrogen and operating temperature to be maintained with feed change, increasing operational efficiency of units. We acknowledge Vishal Kumar Kompally, a former employee of IOC R&D, for his contribution to coding for hybrid model development, described in this manuscript. Reference 1 Verma R. P., Development and Application of Rigorous Process Models in Optimization of Hydroconversion processe s, ACS Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Inc. Preprints, Jan 1, 2006. 2 B M Vogelaar et al, Hydroprocessing catalyst deactivation in com- mercial practice, Catalysis today, 154 (2010) 256-263. 3 Aban Sakheta et al, Improved prediction of biomass gasification mod - els through machine learning, Computers and Chemical Engineering 191 (2024) 108834. SK Shabina is Chief Research Manager of the Process Modeling divi- sion at the Research & Development Centre of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, India. She has more than 20 years of experience in the devel- opment of proprietary models and process optimisation for refinery hydroprocessing technologies. She holds an MTech in chemical engi- neering from Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. Email: shabinask@indianoil.in Ranjith Kumar Bojja is Senior Technical Services Manager of the Technical services department of Indian Oil Guwahati Refinery. He has more than 14 years of experience in the area of hydroprocessing in both operations and process monitoring. He holds a BTech in chemical engineering from the National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli. Email: bojjark@indianoil.in Dr Indranil Roy Choudhury is General Manager and in charge of the Process Modeling and Technical Services division at the Research & Development Centre of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, India. He has more than 25 years of experience in process modelling of the down- stream hydrocarbon sector, notably in the area of FCC and hydropro- cessing technologies. He holds a PhD from the University of Ghent, Belgium and an MTech in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He has numerous publications and patents in FCC and hydroprocessing. Email: choudhuryir@indianoil.in Sarvesh Kumar is Chief General Manager and Heading Refining Technology division at the Research & Development Centre of Indian Oil Corporation Limited, India. With three decades of experience in refining, petrochemicals, and gasification, he is instrumental in the development of several indigenous process technologies and their commercial deployment. He holds an MTech in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He has numerous pat- ents and awards. Email: kumarsarvesh@indianoil.in
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