Isomerate
ISOM
LSR
CDU & VDU
NHTU
HTLN2
Reformate
CCRU
HSR
C LPG
HTLN1
ETBE
HTH naphtha
Gasoline 95
HTHN2
Kero distil
C C
Gasoline 93
SR d iesel
DHT naphtha DHT k ero DHT d ist
Kerosene
HDS
LVGO
Diesel
HVGO Vac r esid
HF Oil
Blender
NAPHTL NAPHTH
HC light naphtha HC heavy naphtha HC k ero HC d iesel
HCU
Asphalte
Coker HN LCGO HCGO
Grey H unit
DCU
Ind. diesel
Coke
H to process units
Figure 3 Base case. Standard EU refinery configuration scheme
Combination of grey refinery units with green and blue alternative units The optional case, or suggested configuration, is based on the incorporation of carbon capture, green hydrogen generation, and synthetic fuels production units. The new configuration is optimised for a feasible scheme, where the operation of the refinery is reliable, the carbon footprint is reduced significantly, and the return on investment is attractive for the stakeholders. These topics are described in more detail:
Carbon capture Carbon capture is focused on the units with the largest CO 2 emissions in the refinery, the hydrogen production units (HPU) by the steam methane reforming process (SMR), which are real ‘CO 2 factories’ that generate 9 kilograms of CO 2 for each kg of hydrogen produced. The SMR units are suitable for post-combustion carbon capture by means of the amine absorption process with high efficiency, so this technology is considered as a basis for the analysis.
Feedstock
Products
CO 2 emissions
5.312.500 crude oil
Total products Gasoline product Diesel product
4,887,500 1,075,250 1,857,250 1,466,250 488,750
2,125,000
Complete refinery
23,352
Naphtha and gasoline complex Diesel, kero and conversion units
1,416,667
Kerosene product Other products –units
684,982
Other units
Base case: 100,000 bbl processing refinery, high conversion. Not carbon capture neither synthetic fuels. Units in tons per annum (tpa)
Table 1 Summary of the main refinery products and emissions values
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