Decarbonisation Technology – August 2021

1. Life Cycle Stages

2. Life Cycle Inventory 3. Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Global Warming

EMISSIONS

Water Consumption

Life Cycle Assessment: How it Works

Eutrophication

Acidification

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How does life cycle assessment (LCA) work?

LCA services are needed to provide scientific, fact-based evidence of the environmental benefits of products. To learn more, click here . During a life cycle assessment (life cycle analysis), you evaluate the potential environmental impacts throughout the entire

ores and crude oil, water, and land use) as well as emissions into the air, water, and soil (such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides). The International Organization for Standardization provides guidelines and requirements for conducting an LCA according to ISO 14040 and 14044.

life cycle of a product (production, distribution, use and end-of-life phases) or service. This also includes the upstream (such as suppliers) and downstream (such as waste management) processes associated with the production (such as the production of raw, auxiliary and operating materials), use phase and disposal (such as waste incineration). Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) covers all relevant inputs from the environment (such as

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Seven business benefits of life cycle assessment

Source: Sphera

Four-stroke medium-speed engines burn 18% of the fuel used in global shipping. They typically have lower engine power and are used in car and passenger ferries, cruise ships and short sea shipping. Both engines investigated in the study are Otto cycle engines and can be differentiated according to their ability to run on a single (SI) or dual fuel (DF):

➊ The WtW GHG emissions of the four-stroke medium-speed Otto-DF engine are 685g CO 2 -eq/ kWh running on LNG. This is a 6% reduction compared with the operation on VLSFO (725g CO 2 - eq/kWh), as shown in Figure 2 . ➋ The WtW GHG emissions of the four-stroke medium-speed Otto-SI engine, a single fuel, pure gas engine, are 624g CO 2 -eq/kWh. This is a 14%