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Figure 6 Pick-up factor vs SOx reduction additive addition rate

Figure 7 Laboratory SOx reduction additive performance ranking

several variables. At this refinery, the typical PUF was 18 using SSG II. For a wide range of operating conditions, the PUF for SSG X2 was greater ( Figure 6 ). To complement the FCC trial results, an Ecat evaluation was performed. Multi-cycle TGA-MS-SOx experiments were conducted. Figure 7 illustrates the results obtained under identical testing conditions, revealing a noticeable pattern of enhanced SOx pick-up ability in Ecats contain- ing higher concentrations of SSG X2. A steady state was achieved after eight weeks, exhibiting an approximate 36% improvement. Following the return to the baseline, the SOx uptake abilities of the Ecats began to decline and returned to their pre-trial levels within approximately eight weeks. Trial conclusions In this trial, SSG X2 enabled this US Gulf Coast refinery to use 20% less additive while achieving the same SOx reduction for a wide range of typical operating conditions. An additional benefit was less additive handling, saving operators’ time. There was also a small reduction in catalyst disposal. Conclusions Cost-effectively managing SOx emissions is a challenge for many FCC units. Johnson Matthey has developed and suc- cessfully commercialised a novel SOx reduction additive, SSG X2, which incorporates improved metal dispersion technology. Higher SOx capture with this additive allows FCC unit operators across the globe to:  Achieve the same SOx reduction using less additive; in other words, reduce their daily operating cost. v Expand their FCC unit operating window; in other words, improve their FCC unit margin. SUPER SOXGETTER II and SUPER SOXGETTER X2 are marks of Johnson Matthey. References 1 US EPA website: www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-mat- ter-pm-basics#:~:text=Sources%20of%20PM&text=Most%20 particles%20form%20in%20the,power%20plants%2C%20indus- tries%20and%20automobiles (accessed August 2023). 2 Evans M, Evaluating FCC flue gas emission-control technologies, PTQ Q1 2008 , Jan 2008.

3 Fletcher R, Oberlin J, The Famous Five, Hydrocarbon Engineering , Sept 2011 . 4 Butterworth-Heinemann, Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook (Fourth Edition), Editor(s): Sadeghbeigi R, 2020, pp.111-117. 5 Magnabosco L M, Ch 16 Principles of the SOx reduction technology in fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCUs), Editor(s): Ocelli M L, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis , Elsevier, Vol. 166, 2007, pp.253-305. 6 Keeley C, LeRoy G, Armstrong W, Hoccheiser T, A streamlined approach for FCC catalyst and additive management and order fulfil- ment, ERTC Newspaper, Nov 2021. 7 Trovarelli A, de Leitenburg C, Boaro M, Dolcetti G, The utilization of ceria in industrial catalysis, Catalysis Today , Vol. 50, Issue 2, 1999, pp.353-367. Marie Goret-Rana is as a Market Manager for Johnson Matthey’s Catalyst Technologies Fuels & Energy business. She is responsible for advising JM’s additives business on the market dynamics and future trends as well as supporting the development of future solutions and technologies. She holds a Master of chemistry (MChem) from Chimie ParisTech and an MBA from Paris Sorbonne Business School. Hongbo Ma is a Principal Technical Service Engineer at Johnson Matthey with more than 17 years of experience in FCC catalysts and additives. He provides support to refinery customers in the US, Canada, and China. He holds a PhD in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Xunhua Mo is an FCC Lab Testing Supervisor with Johnson Matthey’s Catalyst and Technologies Additives business in Savannah, Georgia USA. Her work focuses on the development and evaluation of FCC additives. She holds a PhD in chemistry from Clemson University. Charles Kanyi is a Senior Catalyst Development Scientist at Johnson Matthey, focusing on development of FCC additives. His experience in FCC additives spans more than 15 years. He holds a PhD in materials chemistry from State University of New York at Binghamton. Carl Keeley is Head of Global Key Accounts at Johnson Matthey Catalyst Technologies. He leads an international team playing a critical connector role across process technology, catalysts, and partnerships. He drives improved delivery and growth across ammonia, methanol, hydrogen, traditional fuels, sustainable fuels, and chemical interme- diates. He has more than 23 years of experience in the energy indus- try, comprising technology, operations, licensing, catalysts, technical support, commercial, and leadership roles. He is a chartered chemical engineer.

PTQ Q3 2024