■ Increase the duty of the reaction section air cooling banks (new air cooler or new trim cooler) to compensate for the lower duty in the stripper feed/reactor effluent exchanger train. ■ Install an intermediate separator installation at HEX 08 outlet. • LP separator/stripper overhead/amine section – wet CO₂ corrosion risk and ASCC: ■ Wet carbon dioxide (carbonic acid, a weak inorganic acid) can cause severe pitting and/or grooving in carbon and low-alloy steels. This risk is mainly localised on the strip- per head circuit. Carbon steel is usually acceptable for wet CO₂, with a corrosion allowance of up to 6mm. SS316L is generally specified unless other detrimental contaminants like chlorides are present. Considering the CS material, an upgrade to SS316L is needed. Wet carbon dioxide (carbonic acid, a weak inorganic acid) can cause severe pitting and/or grooving in carbon and low-alloy steels ■ Around 50% of the produced CO₂ is absorbed in the col - umn with a consequent need to revise the acid gas loading (mol CO₂+H₂S/mol MDEA) and the required MDEA circulation. • Compressor capacity limitations: ■ Light ends load increase – as the light end compressor does not have enough capacity, this could represent a sig- nificant bottleneck for the unit. Hence, a compressor with an additional spare capacity should be installed. Conclusion The feasibility study results revealed that achieving the targeted minimum biofeedstock incorporation rate of 10% was not feasible with the current DHT configuration, neces - sitating significant Capex for implementation. By leveraging OLI Systems’ ionic modelling tools, the customer could efficiently evaluate the impact of biogenic feedstocks on the unit’s operations. This included identifying potential process bottlenecks, establishing quality and incor- poration rate limits, and defining a safe operating envelope. Furthermore, OLI Systems Inc. engineers provided rec - ommendations for key modifications to operational param - eters and suggested the installation of new equipment and upgrades in the current material of construction to ensure the safe and profitable operation of the unit. Ultimately, this enabled the advantageous utilisation of economic incen- tives associated with processing biogenic feedstocks. Cristian S Spica is a Senior Application Engineer with OLI Systems, Inc. with 12 years of experience in chemical engineering activities. He holds a degree in chemical engineering from the University of L’Aquila, Italy (MSc equivalent) and is an Executive MBA candidate at Luiss Business School in Rome. Email: cristian.spica@olisystems.com
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