Company
Location
Production Feedstock
Hydrogen
Direct conversion Energy
Year
(t/yr)
source
or RWGS
source
Carbon Clean Port Arthur,
500
Refinery off-gas Captured
Green hydrogen
Direct
Solar and 2023
Solutions
Texas, USA
from solar and wind conversion
wind
Carbon Clean Ingolstadt,
100
Renewable electricity Electrolysis
Direct
Hydropower 2024
Solutions
Germany
CO 2
conversion
Carbon Clean San Antonio,
100
Flue gas
Direct
Solar and 2024
Solutions
Texas, USA
conversion
wind
Carbon Clean Jharkhand,
1,000
Steel mill flue gas
Green hydrogen
Direct
Solar and
TBD
Solutions
India
from solar and wind conversion
wind Solar
Carbon Clean Rotterdam,
1,000 Waste-to-energy
Green hydrogen
Direct
TBD
Solutions
Netherlands
plant flue gas Ethanol plant
from solar and wind conversion
and wind
Carbon Clean Texas, USA
500
Green hydrogen
Direct
Solar
TBD
Solutions
off-gas
from solar and wind conversion
and wind Nuclear
CRI CRI
Hebei, China
2,000
Coal Coal
Syngas production Syngas production
RWGS RWGS RWGS RWGS
2025 2025 2023 2025
Inner Mongolia, China 2,000
Wind Hydro
INEOS INEOS
Antwerp, Belgium
300 Blast furnace off-gas Renewable electricity
Hull, UK
300
Steel mill off-gas
Syngas production
Biomass
and hydrogen
LanzaJet Soperton, Georgia, USA 10
Flue gas
Syngas from waste biomass RWGS
N/A
TBD
LanzaTech Swayze, Canada
40
Industrial waste
Renewable electricity Renewable electricity
Direct
Biomass
2023
gases
conversion
LanzaTech Shanghai, China
100
Industrial waste
Direct
Biogas
2024
gases
conversion
Veolia
Skoghall, Sweden
60
Flue gas
Green hydrogen from hydropower
RWGS
Hydropower 2023
Veolia Veolia
Foshan, China
300 Industrial flue gas
Electrolysis Renewable electricity Renewable electricity
Direct conversion Solar
2023 2025
Gela, Italy
80
Industrial waste
Direct
Solar
gases
conversion
Veolia
Rouen, France
100
Industrial waste
Direct
Wind
2026
gases
conversion
Table 3 CO 2 -to-methanol projects
per gallon, which is competitive with traditional ethanol production processes. The company is also developing a methanol production process using the same technology. • Researchers at the University of Cambridge in the UK have developed a new CO 2 -to-methanol conversion process that uses a copper-based catalyst and a novel reactor design to improve the efficiency of the conversion process. The researchers estimate that their process can produce methanol at around $500 per ton, which is competitive with traditional methanol production processes. • Carbon Clean Solutions in India is also
developing a CO 2 -to-methanol plant in the UK with a capacity of 60,000 tons per year. The plant will use CO 2 emissions from a local power plant as a feedstock, and the methanol will be sold to local customers for use as a fuel and chemical feedstock. The company estimates that the plant will cost around £60 million ($81 million) to build and will produce methanol at around £450-500 ($610-680) per ton. Syngas conversion to methanol is a commercial technology with many years in the market. Most syngas production originates in a fossil feedstock. The main idea of direct conversion of CO 2 is converting CO 2 from emissions sources,
www.decarbonisationtechnology.com
54
Powered by FlippingBook