Technological and economical parameters of carbon utilisation and how these parameters vary widely depending on external and technology-specific variables Techno-economic metrics of carbon utilisation – Part 1
Joris Mertens, Mark Krawec and Ritik Attwal KBC (a Yokogawa company)
C arbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) is often confused with carbon storage (CS) rather than carbon utilisation (CU). This misunderstanding is logical since, ultimately, CS is a form of waste disposal while CU refers to the new circular world that emphasises more efficient use of resources. With CU being in general more expensive than CS, some CU technologies need further development, which explains the current focus on storage. Currently, Yokogawa, a leading provider of industrial automation and test and measurement solutions, is performing a strategic decarbonisation study of the Goi industrial area in the Chiba Prefecture at Tokyo Bay (Yokogawa, 2021). The purpose of this research is to make the industrial area net carbon neutral by 2050, preferably using CU rather than CS. Figure 1 shows the technological and economic parameters in play for CU. Economically, capital costs and different operational costs will affect project viability. In addition, product market
CapEx
Market demand
TRL
Product / feed delta
CO pricing
H cost
Utilities / other O pex
Figure 1 Carbon utilisation: the techno- economic variables
demand and the technical readiness level (TRL) for a given CU technology should be considered.
Main
Non
Reaction
Capture?
T ( º C)
Name
products
C0 2 feeds
Methanation (Tripodi et al ., 2020) Methanol (Nyári et al ., 2020) Fischer-Tropsch (Zang et al ., 2021)
Methane Methanol
H 2 H 2 H 2
200-450
Yes
230
No
Syncrude/SAF
220-290
Yes Yes
Oxo Synthesis (Liu, 2017)
Butanal
Propylene, H 2
90 35
Carbonation (Kamyab et al. , 2021)
Building material Mixed xylenes
Steel slag
No No No No
Xylenes (Zhang et al. , 2017) Urea (de Haas et al ., 2016)
H 2
400 170 135
Urea
Ammonia (NH 3 )
Polyols (Fernandez-Dacosta et al ., 2017) Polymeric Carbonates (Demirel, 2015; Moon et al ., 2011)
Polyether carbonate polyol Propylene oxide (PO)
Polypropylene carbonate (PPC)
Propylene oxide
90
No
Table 1 Carbon utilisation technologies
www.decarbonisationtechnology.com
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