Revamps 2023 Issue

w Environmental controls x Unit modifications to mitigate energy consumption y Carbon capture, utilisation, and storage. In terms of modifying individual unit operations, hydro - treaters face inefficiencies due to catalyst deactivation, liquid maldistribution, reactor pressure drop build-up, and high hydrogen consumption. Contaminants like As, Na, and Si can cause catalyst deactivation, while maldistribution leads to localised issues, and pressure drop impacts power consumption and catalyst-support trays. Optimising pres - sure drop promotes uniform flow and temperature profiles. The refining industry’s demand for hydrogen is increas - ing due to stricter specifications and alternative feedstocks. Rather than reducing hydrogen input at the expense of product quality, enhancing net availability from the steam methane reformer is a more effective approach. Finally, hydrotreaters consume significant amounts of direct and indirect energy. Various alternative desulphuri - sation technologies such as reactive adsorption desulphur - isation, biodesulphurisation, oxidative desulphurisation, and reactive desulphurisation are being developed, and their use should be evaluated based on a refinery’s specific conditions and the sulphur content of naphtha and diesel streams. References 1 Laike W, Wajciechowski C, Improving hydrotreater performance with welded plate heat exchangers, PTQ , Q2 2020, 29. 2 Boost profitability with EquiFlow high-efficiency reactor internals, Axens website, www.axens.net (accessed May 3, 2018). 3 da Silva M W, Q&A Answers, Jun 2023, Digital Refining website, www.digitalrefining.com/qanda/238 (accessed July 24, 2023). 4 Rossiter A, Energy efficiency in capital projects, PTQ Revamps, 2015, 21. 5 EPTQ&A, PTQ website, www.eptq.com/qandaquestion.aspx (accessed Aug. 12, 2019). 6 Ventham T, Llorente X, Bennington G, ptq&a PTQ , Q1 2021, 11. 7 Select-client report entitled Technology-driven Strategies for Petroleum Refineries to Achieve Profitability and Sustainability Goals: Greenhouse Gas Protocol – Scope 1 , published by Hydrocarbon Publishing Company in May 2023. Amy Hearn is a Senior Technology Analyst at Hydrocarbon Publishing Company, specialising in tracking technology developments. She holds a BS degree in chemical engineering from University of Maryland. Diana Brown is a Project Manager at Hydrocarbon Publishing Company responsible for data management. She holds a BA degree from Eastern College. Brian Yeung is a Staff Analyst at Hydrocarbon Publishing Company, concentrating on monitoring industry trends. He holds a BS degree from University of California, Los Angeles. Patrick Christensen is a Project Manager of strategic reports at Hydrocarbon Publishing Company. He holds a BS degree in chemical engineering from Drexel University. Thomas Yeung is the Principal and Managing Consultant at Hydrocarbon Publishing Company. He holds a BS degree in chemical engineering from University of Wisconsin-Madison, an MS degree in chemical engineering from University of Connecticut-Storrs, an MBA from New York University. He is also a licensed professional engineer from New York state. Email: info@hydrocarbonpublishing.com

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