refining india 2024
exhibited catalytic activity over a tempera- ture range of 280-450°C, with DME emerg- ing as the predominant product across all tested temperatures. Notably, the catalyst achieved a maximum selectivity for DME of 47.9% at 300°C, along with a methanol turnover frequency (TOFMeOH) of 741.9 h −1 , indicating a highly efficient conversion process under optimal conditions. As the reaction temperature increased, an enhanced fraction of strong acid sites on the zeolite, promoted higher hydrocar- bon formation through the olefin-based cycle. The reaction environment signifi- cantly influenced the crystallinity, porosity, and acidity of the beta zeolite; amorphous carbon deposition was observed, leading to a partial loss of crystallinity. Additionally, a pore-broadening phe- nomenon occurred at elevated tempera- tures, reflecting structural changes within the zeolite framework. Regeneration cycle tests confirmed stable catalytic activity throughout a 280-hour time-on-stream period, underscoring its robustness and
effectiveness for continuous operation in methanol dehydration reactions.
These routes allow the production of val- uable light hydrocarbons from methanol, which itself can be derived from abundant and renewable feedstocks like natural gas, coal, and biomass. Integrating methanol aromatisation with light hydrocarbon aro- matisation can further increase the yield of BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes) from the light hydrocarbons. By converting methanol to DME and to light hydrocarbons, the methanol econ- omy concept can be expanded to pro- duce a wider range of chemicals and fuels beyond just methanol itself. This flexibility is important for adapting to changing mar- ket demands and optimising the overall process economics. Major players like Linde AG, SABIC, and Methanex Corporation are leveraging advanced technologies and catalysts. BPCL’s Corporate Research & Develop- ment Centre has developed beta zeolite catalysts using a hydrothermal crystallisa- tion method for the production of DME and light hydrocarbons from methanol.⁶
By converting methanol to DME and to light
References 1 Styring P, Sanderson P W, Gell I, Skorikova G, Sánchez-Martínez C, Garcia-Garcia G, Sluijter S N, Frontiers in Sustainabilit y, https://doi.org/DOI 10.3389/frsus.2022.1057190. 2 Kriprasertkul W, Witoon T, Kim-Lohsoontorn P , Intl J. of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47, 33,338-33,351. 3 https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/ portal/6276908/prod11322045433376. R1107,_EFP06_(report)_RIS%C3%98_ april_2011%5B1%5D.pdf. 4 www.etipbioenergy.eu/images/AllBiofuel Factsheets2016.pdf. 5 www.tifac.org.in/index.php/reports-publi- cations/recent-publications/2-uncategorised/ 1063-methanol-and-dme-production-survey- and-roadmap 6 Chaudhary P, Arundhathi R, Kasture M W, Samanta, Vankayala R, Thota C, R. Soc. Open Sci. 10: 230,524. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rsos.230524 Contact: rachaarundhathi@bharatpetroleum.in
The beta zeolite molecular sieve with a SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratio of 28.5 was synthe- sised using the hydrothermal crystallisa- tion method and subsequently examined for its performance in methanol dehydra- tion reactions. This micro-mesoporous beta zeolite hydrocarbons, the methanol economy concept can be expanded to produce a wider range of chemicals and fuel
Integrated web platform for accurate GHG emissions mapping
Rajasekhar M, Rajeev Nayan and Saikat Bhowal Engineers India Ltd. R&D Complex
To limit global warming to 1.5°C as per the Paris Agreement, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030 and reach net zero by the middle of the 21st century. At COP26, India announced its commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. Many Indian companies have outlined their plans to achieve this target. A crucial initial step is the accurate measurement of CO₂e emissions across various industries. The lack of precise measurement can necessitate frequent adjustments to emission reduction tar- gets. Furthermore, discrepancies in defin- ing scope boundaries among organisations lead to significant variations in reported greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many organisations follow different meth- odologies for defining their scope bounda- ries, which leads to a significant mismatch in GHG emissions compared to their peers. Using different methodologies to calcu- late emissions in different plants within the same organisation also leads to anomalies. Presently, there is no web-based plat- form specially designed for the compre- hensive calculation of Scope 1 and 2 emissions, including detailed process emis- sions that are specific to Indian industries such as upstream oil and gas, refineries, and petrochemicals. EngCO2 चित्रण TM is a digital web-based plat- form for CO₂e emissions calculation specific to Indian refineries and Indian needs devel- oped by EIL. Its uniqueness is as follows: • Comprehensive emissions calculation: Detailed Scope 1 and 2 emissions calcula- tion for various industries in unified platform.
Many organisations
follow different methodologies for defining their scope boundaries, which leads to a significant mismatch in GHG emissions compared to their peers • Live emission reporting: Integration with SCADA/DCS systems for live emis- sions data, including daily and monthly averages. EngCO2 चित्रण has been successfully deployed online, serving organisations in accurately estimating CO₂e emissions. Its application extends to configuration stud- ies for grassroots projects, enabling early- stage assessment of emissions for design optimisations. This platform is positioned to accelerate India’s journey towards achieving its net- zero targets, providing a crucial tool for industry stakeholders to effectively man- age emissions complexities.
EngCO2 चित्रण features an intuitive dashboard
Highlights major contributors to emissions, enabling targeted reduction strategies. • Collaborative input: Support for multiple users, facilitating input from various stake- holders across locations. • Progress tracking: Provides year- wise emission trends to monitor progress towards net-zero targets. • Enterprise-grade security: Ensures robust data management security standards. • Regulatory compliance: Generates reports that are compliant with Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) reg- ulations for Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) annual reporting.
• Utilisation of in-house process data: Leveraging EIL’s proprietary data and expertise in processing CO₂e emissions. • User-friendly interface : Intuitive inter- face with flexible input options and advanced dashboard. • Scenario analysis: Capability for ‘what- if’ scenarios, assessing emissions reduc- tions through fuel switching and process optimisation. • Mitigation of double accounting: Built-in measures to prevent double accounting of emissions. • Adherence to global standards: Aligns with global protocols, standards, and Indian regulatory requirements. • Emissions hotspot identification :
Contact: sekharraja@eil.co.in
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