refining india 2024
Conclusion The Refinery Decarbonisation Roadmap Study provides a clear and comprehensive pathway for achieving net-zero emissions at the Scope 1 and 2 levels by 2050. The study emphasises the importance of a mix of technical and economic considerations and the need to continuously update and revisit the roadmap at key stages to reduce the risk of sunk capital. Implementation of this plan will bring significant environmental and socio-eco- nomic benefits. The Net Zero Road Map is a dynamic document that will guide the refin- ery’s transition to a net-zero future.
Net-zero roadmap The roadmap follows a ‘waterfall’ approach, where a sequence of projects builds pro- gressively towards the ultimate goal of net-zero emissions. This approach ensures that each project is implemented based on the progress and outcomes of previous projects, minimising risks and optimising resource allocation. A skeleton of the time- line is shown in Figure 2 . Marginal abatement cost curves (MACC) Worley Consulting delivered an MACC of options that plots the abatement potential and cost ( Figure 3 ). This will help the refin- ery stakeholders prioritise decarbonisation options based on impact and costs.
$150
DAC
Blue Hydrogen Firing
$100
Electric Boiler
Boiler Carbon Capture
COGEN Capture
WHB Carbon Capture
Grey to Blue Hydrogen
$50
$0
Energy E ciency Projects
-$50
-$100
850
1700 2550
3400 4250 5100
5950 6800
7650
8500
11,050 9350 10,200
Comparative Annual Abatement Potential (,000 tCO )
Contact: Arjun.Balakrishnan@Worley.com
Figure 3 Example MACC
Earthquake Warning System
Rajasekhar M, Rajeev Nayan and Saikat Bhowal Engineers India Ltd. R&D Complex
More than 59% of India’s land area is under threat from moderate to severe seismic hazards. Major strategic installations, such as refineries, petrochemical plants, power plants, nuclear establishments, and metro/ rail networks, are spread across areas that are prone to seismic activity. Protecting these critical infrastructures is crucial. The Earthquake Warning System (EqWS) is a technological solution designed to prevent significant loss of human life and infrastruc- ture caused by earthquakes. It can activate appropriate safety measures during an impending earthquake. EqWS detects earthquakes immedi- ately from the primary waves, before the destructive secondary and surface waves arrive. This advanced technology provides early warning based on ground accelera- tion values and additional safety measures that can reduce the catastrophic impacts of seismic events. The system is devised for regional noti- fication of a substantial earthquake using a voting system of seismic sensing nodes (SSN). Multiple nodes are used to avoid false alarms caused by human activities. These SSNs are strategically located to gather information about seismic activity and send it to a central control unit (CCU), which then makes decisions about poten- tial earthquakes based on the signals from individual nodes. The CCU will then issue audio-visual warnings for impending earth- quakes with estimated severity levels. The CCU also sends messages to the emer- gency alert delivery system to activate var- ious alarms and emergency departments, as well as plant operating systems to take measures based on predefined standard operating procedures (SoPs). Components/Features SSN: Comprises a seismic accelerom- eter sensor, motherboard/processor, GPS receiver card, and communication modules. SSNs gather information about seismic activity and communicate it to the CCU. They also send the health status of the node based on built-in diagnostics. v CCU: The CCU is equipped with an inter- active user interface and maintains the central recording system database. It is
Example of an event recording
by a predetermined number of nodes along with the peak ground acceleration (PGA) value captured by each node. x Emergency alert delivery system: Generates SMS for concerned parties, sends notifications, and activates sirens and speakers. EqWS has been developed internally and granted a patent. It is proven, having already been commissioned in 2016 and working accurately since then. The sys- tem is particularly useful for refineries, petrochemical plants, and other facilities with numerous critical equipment and pro- cesses. It can provide earthquake warning alerts, enabling proactive measures to pre- vent natural hazard-triggered technological disasters (Natech) events. EIL and its technology partner CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) can offer advice and support based on specific project require- ments. Technological solutions for differ-
EqWS provides early warning based on ground acceleration values and additional safety measures that can reduce the catastrophic impacts of seismic events the main user interface, providing informa- tion on the latest seismic events, data log events of all seismic activities, and health monitoring of all connected SSNs. w Event recordings: Graphically depict the latest seismic activities/events sensed
Front panel of the developed SSN
ent industries and situations are specific to each site and application; there is no one-size-fits-all solution. The EIL-powered Earthquake Warning System can be cus- tomised to meet the needs of a specific application or industry.
Contact: s.bhowal@eil.co.in
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