Decarbonisation Technology - November 2022

Case name

Base fossil

2 Train

Integrated

Gasifier

Fossil Train

Base

Same as base

Reduced

Same as base

Biomass Train

Base

Low rate

Same low rate

Many sites

Gasification Train

Base

N/D

Same low rate

Yields Gasoline

Base

Jet

Base

None

Diesel

Base

None

Renewable jet

None

All

Higher than 2 Train

All

HVO

None

All

Higher than 2 Train

All

Table 3 Yield comparison

Conclusions The biorefinery of the future will have a zero-carbon emission operation with the potential to produce a yield slate considerably higher in renewable feed-sourced materials. The application of pre- or post-combustion technologies will allow for significant decarbonisation of Scope 1 and 2 emissions. Further decarbonisation will occur via the application of renewable electricity sources to offset fossil-generated power. The combination of renewable feedstock and hydrogen generated from renewable power or with captured CO₂ allows for significant decarbonisation of the product slate, thereby meeting Scope 3 emission reduction targets. Proper handling of the feed materials and the supply chain and logistics elements will allow the industry to benefit from existing refining infrastructure and achieve economies of scale. As technologies evolve for the preparation of these biofeeds and conversion applications, the industry can prepare the required adoption plans and capital investment projects.

used for gasoline production. Some upgrading may be required to the diesel hydrotreater to allow for isomerisation and mild cracking of the products to meet final product specifications. Fossil train with gasification Use of a gasifier opens up the facility to process a wide array of biomass. The gasifier can potentially charge solids, liquids, or gas. Gasification produces the syngas feed for the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) section. The FT process is commercially proven. An option not explored in this article is the capability of the syngas to be converted into a wide array of chemicals and lube oils. Yield comparison Each configuration has a unique yield and quality. All three options are about the same in terms of yield structure. The two-train system has the highest overall liquid yield of the configurations shown. The integrated system has slightly lower capital costs but corresponding lower fossil intake and liquid yields. The gasifier has a slight advantage in jet and diesel quality at the expense of a lower liquid yield (Gudde, et al. , 2019), (Melero, et al., 2012), (Lynd, et al., 2002) (Stockle, 2007), (Cope, 2011), (Tanzil, et al ., 2021). Yields for the three configurations yields are shown above in Table 3 .

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Scott Sayles ssayles@becht.com

Robert Ohmes rohmes@becht.com