Rapeseed (Canola)
Tall Oil Fatty Acid
Used Cooking oil
Feed
UOM Soybean
Corn Oil
Animal Fat
Alternate name
TOFA
UCO
Tallow
API
21.6
22.0
21.3
18.8
31.1
32.1
Chloride (est)
wppm
20
20
20
20
150
20
Moisture (est)
wt%
2
2
4
2
2
2
FFA
v%
0.5
0.5
12
100
7
15
Sulphur (est)
wppm 100
100
100
8
7
15
C
wt% 77.0% 77.1% 76.9% 76.2% 75.8% 75.7%
H
wt% 12.1% 12.1% 12.2% 12.5% 12.7% 12.6%
O
wt% 10.9% 10.8% 10.9% 11.3% 11.4% 11.7%
Total
wt% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Glycerides dist 12:00
wt%
0.30
14:00
wt% 0.50
0.81
3.00
16:00
wt% 10.00
3.49
13.10
4.00
13.84
27.00
16:01
wt%
0.00
0.10
0.61
5.00
18:00
wt% 4.00
0.85
2.30
1.98
25.66
21.00
18:01
wt% 23.00
64.40
28.40
32.00
53.23
41.00
18:02
wt% 53.00
22.30
53.80
50.00
4.75
2.00
18:03
wt% 53.00
8.96
1.30
12.00
0.10
1.00
20:00
wt% 8.00
8.96
1.30
12.00
0.10
20:01
wt% 0.50
0.40
0.40
22:00
wt% 0.50
0.30
0.02
0.30
22:01
wt% 0.50
Total
w%
100
100
100
100
100
100
Table 1 Typical renewable feeds
Renewable process train The renewable feeds from triglycerides are processed in a pretreatment unit (PTU), then fed directly into the hydroprocessing units. Fractionation of fossil and hydrothermal oil blends has been successfully demonstrated at the glassware stage (Holladay, 2014) (Hoffmann, et al. , 2014) (Hoffmann, et al ., 2016) (Calemma, et al., 2000), (Ramirez, et al. , 2017). H₂ demand increase and H₂ supply options With the expected expansion of renewable feed
processing together with the use of hydrogen as a direct fuel, hydrogen generation is anticipated to increase from the current capacity of 3 billion scf/day to 11 billion scf/day. In order to reduce the net CO₂ footprint, there is a drive to shift hydrogen generation to lower emission technologies: • Grey hydrogen is generated from fossil feeds and results in significant CO₂ emissions (often from SMR) and, although this is the current method for incremental hydrogen supply, it is the least preferred option in the long term
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