Shell began developing the gas-treating ADIP technology in the 1950s. In 2020, the insights and learning from over 500 ADIP references, from Pernis and Pearl, were pieced together and leveraged to develop a new integrated line- up to produce hydrogen from any hydrocarbon feedstock with CO₂ capture. The Porthos project, which is the Netherlands’ first carbon capture and storage (CCS) venture involving four companies, is a highly significant development for Pernis. This is because it will enable the gasifier’s CO₂ to be sequestered in empty gas fields below the North Sea. After 20 years of producing pure CO₂ from residue feed, Porthos provides the opportunity to store the CO₂ in the ground, transforming the Pernis unit into a type of blue hydrogen plant. As a result, Pernis will reduce its CO₂ emissions by some 25%, and it will also enable the site to lower the carbon intensity of its products. When compared with conventional SMR and ATR technologies (see Figure 3 ), the SBHP has key advantages. First, for large-scale projects (greater than 200 t/d), oxygen-based systems such as the SBHP and ATR can have a significant cost advantage over SMR systems. Moreover, the SBHP provides a potential levellised cost of hydrogen advantage: lower than both SMR and ATR. Second, the SBHP can produce the lowest
By archetype
Oil, chemicals and gas industries: Re ning, petrochemicals, LNG using blue hydrogen to lower the Cl of their own products Natural gas industry: Converting natural gas to blue ammonia for export Power industry: Converting coal and natural gas fired power stations to re blue hydrogen to produce low Cl electricity Consortiums of industries (clusters): Converting natural gas to blue hydrogen to decarbonise heavy industrial clusters
Figure 4a The four blue hydrogen projects
carbon intensity blue hydrogen molecule and can capture as much as 99.9% of the CO₂ that is routed to the CO₂ capture plant from high- pressure, single-source, pre-combustion gas streams. This limits the Scope 1 emissions, which makes it the preference for greenfield applications that require high capture rates. Third, unlike ATR and SMR, the Shell Gas POx technology is non-catalytic, so it does not require the same extent of expensive gas pretreatment as a catalytic process and can still provide significant feed flexibility by default.
Pipeline gas
Blue hydrogen
Low Cl products
Oil, chemicals and gas industries
Re ning, Petchem, LNG
SBHP
Excess blue hydrogen to other industries
Fuel gas
Blue ammonia (for export)
Pipeline gas
NH
Low Cl products
Natural gas industries
Natural gas
SBHP
Pipeline gas
Low Cl products Low Cl products
Power industry
Power
SBHP
Consortiums of industries (clusters)
Pipeline gas
Steel
Power
Cement
Paper
Re ning
SBHP
Blue hydrogen
CO
Figure 4b How the SBHP integrates with the four project archetypes
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