Catalysis 2022 issue

such as used cooking oil, fats from sewage, or vegetable oils, calls for appropriate dewaxing solutions. Clariant and its partners offer an optimised catalytic dewaxing solution with the Hydex Catalyst portfolio to follow any cold flow requirements for jet fuel, on-road diesel, and beyond. In addition, Clariant offers various additives such as DodiFlow for the final cold flow adjustment. Q Is there a catalytic means to increase production from our hydrogen plant without a revamp or other significant capital outlay? A Jumal Shah, Hydrogen Market Manager, Johnson Matthey jumal.shah@matthey.com To increase production, it is important to initially understand the existing limitations of the hydrogen plant. This is typically achieved using performance evaluations of each catalyst unit against kinetic mod- els, thermographic surveys of the steam methane reformer, and equipment specifications and design limit. Common factors that constrain production rates in a hydrogen plant include steam reformer tube tem- perature limits or other furnace constraints, carbon formation margins in the steam reformer pressure drop across the plant, and poor conversion in the water gas shift section. Steam reforming of methane is an endothermic reversible reaction. Thus, the catalyst activity and heat

of some interest again. Cold flow properties can be improved by: 1. Processing fewer paraffin feeds 2. Reducing cutpoint. As a consequence, considerable yield loss is experienced. 3. Adding flow improver additives or blending the diesel with kerosine. Both options may lead to sub- stantial costs. 4. Cracking dewaxing with a shape-selective zeo- lite, converting the paraffins in the diesel fraction to LPG and gasoline. Consequently, some diesel yield is also lost, but not as much compared to reducing cutpoint. By replacing part of the hydrotreating cata- lyst with dewaxing catalyst, cold flow properties can be improved. The unit can be operated in winter and summer modes by changing the reactor tempera- ture, improving the cold flow properties only when required. 5. Isomerisation dewaxing, converting the normal par- affins to branched paraffins. Yield loss is minimised. As this operation needs usually a sweet environment, free of H 2 S and NH 3 , a special unit design is required, while the previous options can be drop-in solutions. A Rainer Rakoczy, Technology Advisor Fuel, and Maximilian Dochnahl, Head of Modelling & On-site Technology, Clariant Catalysts Optimised feed management of opportunity crudes combined with co-processing of biogenic triglycerides,

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Catalysis 2022 19