high-purity material. It can be utilised to conduct particle form technology to obtain the desired catalyst activity, par- ticle size, and particle size distribution for reactor operability. A Mg-Ti precursor solution, Catylen S 200, allows for the making of morphology in only one step, significantly reduc - ing catalyst production cycle time and debottlenecking plant capacity without capital investment. Catylen S 300 is a family of morphology-defined spheri - cal MgE particles. These have particle sizes between 10 µm and 35 µm that can be commercially produced. The spheri- cal material can undergo titanation to become a PE catalyst or, when combined with an internal donor, can be used to produce a PP catalyst. To enhance sustainability efforts, one of the starting mate- rials in MgE production, ethanol, is being migrated from petroleum-derived ethanol to bio-based ethanol. Currently, half of the ethanol Evonik uses for this production comes from a bio-based source, with further expansion underway. Catylen D Internal donors, essential components of the Ziegler- Natta catalyst system, provide stereoselectivity, hydrogen response, molecular weight, and comonomer incorporation capability while influencing the catalyst activity in the poly - merisation of propylene. The recently developed Catylen D 2100 is a phthalate-free and non-aromatic internal donor that enables polyolefin producers to exceed the highest toxicity standards. Conclusion Where would Ziegler-Natta catalysts be without magne- sium ethoxide? The support precursor provides a host of performance benefits, rendering the catalyst with high activity, a smooth polymerisation kinetic profile, longer catalyst life, and better comonomer incorporation. This combination allows polyolefin manufacturers to produce value-added specialty polymers, including multimodal polyethylene and polypropylene impact copolymer.
Figure 1 PETS fittings equivalent lengths tool
Catylen S and Catylen D are marks of Evonik.
Figure 2 PETS pipe pressure drop tool
Evonik Catalysts Contact: minghui.zhang@evonik.com
• Size all the process lines to and from the trailer. • Size the effluent holding tank and determine the working volume. • Determine the pump’s net positive suction head available. • Determine the pump’s required discharge pressure. • Size a restricting orifice to provide continuous minimum flow spillback. The speed and ease of PETS enabled the project team to find the equipment needed, get it installed, and perform a successful trial. PETS was used to determine the fittings equivalent lengths (see Figure 1 ). After the equivalent length was determined, the pipe pressure drop (see Figure 2 ) was cal- culated for all the pipes required for the trial. The tank sizing tool enabled the engineer to determine that an 8ft (2.4m) diameter and 7ft (2.1m) high tank pro- vided sufficient residence time (see Figure 3 ). A minimum
Specifying waste water treatment unit biomass separation pilot test equipment
Problem A Texas Gulf Coast refinery performed a pilot trial test - ing biomass solids separation. A trailer unit for biomass separation technology was utilised for the trial. The efflu - ent from the pilot is not pumped; it flows out of the unit by gravity. This posed a problem as the effluent from the pilot trailer needed to be routed to the existing solids separation unit a few hundred feet away at a higher elevation than the pilot trailer. The proprietary Process Engineering ToolS (PETS) was utilised to:
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