which reduces the coke make in the overall reaction scheme. During the commercial-scale demonstration, the coke yield reduced by ~5 wt% in the Ind-Coker AT technology case compared to the conventional DCU base case. Furthermore, it can be seen that the additional cracking step allows the side chains of larger molecules to be cracked further, resulting in additional yields of lighter gases. This is reflected in the higher yields of fuel gas (FG) and LPG by ~1.8 wt% and 0.6 wt%, respectively. In the commercial demonstration, ~2.6 wt% improvement in the diesel range product was observed. Conclusion To improve the profitability of processing heavy petroleum residue, Ind-Coker AT technology has been developed. This technology has several benefits compared to conventional DCU, such as a significantly lower coke yield of ~5 wt%, as well as improvements in middle distillate and LPG yields. This easy- to-implement technology provides flexibility to the modern refiner and enables the processing of a wide range of feedstocks. It also provides a solution to the perennial problem of petcoke disposal by reducing the coke make from the refinery. Lower coke make results in increased coker throughput, which is ideal for capacity expansion cases. This is an attractive option for both revamp and grassroots DCU projects, enabling significant profitability. Also, a reduction in coke make results in lower Scope 3 emissions, thus allowing the petroleum refinery to meet its net-zero targets.
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