PTQ Q3 2025 Issue

30 34 32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 56 58 60 54 62

10 12 14 16 18 20 26 24 22 30 28

0 4 2 8 6

C/O

FCC (a)

FCC (c)

FCC (d)

Figure 3 Impact of catalysts on naphtha yield and BTX concentration in naphtha by upgrading 100% of plastic pyoil at 550°C

Chemical applications Three catalyst designs were tested for upgrading 100% of plastic pyoil to understand the maximisation of chemicals, including both light olefins and BTX (see Figure 2 ): • FCC(a) catalyst was designed with high REO on zeolite – the same one used for maximising naphtha in the first part of the study. • FCC(c) catalyst was designed with low REO on zeolite. • FCC(d) catalyst designed with low REO on zeolite and an additional functionality to convert naphtha-range olefins to LPG olefins. The purpose of this second part of the study was to understand how hydrogen transfer reactions and operating conditions (for example, C/O and temperature) can influ - ence the promotion of chemicals, including BTX and light olefins while incorporating an olefins functionality into the

catalyst. FCC(a), FCC(c), and FCC(d) catalysts were steam deactivated at 788°C for 24 hours before being tested at 550°C and 600°C: • Steam-deactivated FCC(a) catalyst: TSA = 224 m²/g and REO = 5.5 wt%. • Steam-deactivated FCC(b) catalyst: TSA = 187 m²/g and REO = 0.9 wt%. • Steam-deactivated FCC(d) catalyst: TSA = 172 m²/g and REO = 0.4 wt%. The cracking evaluations were examined at iso-conver- sion, namely 93 wt%, and at 550°C (see Table 3 ). High conversion levels were observed with all the catalysts while upgrading this pyoil without any blending with fossil feedstock. This can be explained by the presence of 27% as naphtha in this pyoil as well as its paraffinic behaviour resulting in high crackability. FCC(c), with low REO on

C/O

550˚C

600˚C

Figure 4 Impact of operating conditions (C/O and operating temperature) on light olefins and BTX by upgrading 100% of plastic pyoil over catalyst FCC(d)

PTQ Q3 2025