Natural draft, single burner, ambient air
NOx Corr *
HR
HR rate
Fuel
CAT (°F)
O 2 %
NOx
CO
BWT
Floor T
(MBTUs/hr)
(ppmvd)
(ppmvd)
(°F)
(°F)
12 12 12 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
100% 100% 100%
100% TNG
86 84 82 85 86 86 86
2.0 1.9 1.8
8.3 10
8.6
0 0 0
1,500 1,501 1,285
1,270 1,351 1,309
100% H₂
10.3 17.9
Fuel C
14.1 11.6 10.6 14.6 13.1
20% 20% 20% 20%
100% TNG 100% TNG
10.4 16.7 11.0 11.2
200-300 50-100
525 500 510 520
780 800 810 802
100% H₂
0
Fuel C
0-5
Natural draft, multiple burner, ambient air
NOx Corr *
HR
HR rate
Fuel
CAT (°F)
O 2 %
NOx
CO
BWT
Floor T
(MBTUs/hr)
(ppmvd)
(ppmvd)
(°F)
(°F)
26.5
74%
100% TNG
88 90 90 89 89 89 89
3
5.2 8.0
6.4 7.7
0 0 0
1,380 1,580 1,503
1,055 1,265 1,165
36 30
100%
100% H₂
2.0
83% 25% 25% 25% 25%
Fuel C
2
13.1 10.0
13.5
9 9 9 9
100% TNG 100% TNG
13.8
70-80
842 944
725 760 843 853
8.6 5.9 2.1
9.0 8.7 9.0
400-450
100% H₂
0
1,048 1,086
Fuel C
150-200
Forced draft, single burner, ambient air
NOx Corr *
HR
HR Rate
Fuel
CAT (°F) 107 100 93
O 2 %
NOx
CO
BWT
Floor T
(MBTUs/hr)
(ppmvd)
(ppmvd)
(°F)
(°F)
30 24 30
100%
100% TNG
2
5.1 7.7
5.3 8.6
0 0 0
1,501 1,436 1,524
1,053 1,105 1,154
80%
100% H₂
2.3 2.2
100%
Fuel C
11.1
11.3
6 6 6
20% 20% 20%
100% TNG
94
16.7 16.2 16.3
7.3
100-250
773 852 855
665 725 727
100% H₂
108 103
13.7 12.2
0
Fuel C
0-5
Forced draft, single burner, 400°F preheated air
NOx Corr *
HR
HR Rate
Fuel
CAT (°F) 380 572 430 389 587 617
O2 %
NOx
CO
BWT
Floor T
(MBTUs/hr)
(ppmvd)
(ppmvd)
(°F)
(°F)
30 24 30
100%
100% TNG
2.1 2.1
9.3
9.5
0 0 0
1,519 1,487 1,551
1,037 1,088 1,092
80%
100% H₂
14.2 15.7 11.2 14.6 16.2
13.2 15.0
100%
Fuel C
2
6
20% 50% 20%
100% TNG
17.3
80-100
827
665 931 763
15
100% H₂
2.6
16.6
0 0
1,306 1,015
6
Fuel C
11.8
Abbreviations: HR= heat release, TNG = Tulsa natural gas, BWT = Bridgewall temperature (*) corrected to 3% dry, 1,600F BWT Fuel C: 15% TNG, 80% H₂, 5% propane
Table 1 Performance test of the new burner design
region to lower the combined flame temperature produced by the primary and staged fuel. The zone located between the primary tips has a more fuel-rich mixture that remains stable without the assistance of the primary tip. The new square tile design results in single-digit NOx per- formance when firing typical refinery fuels and lower NOx emissions than typical ULNBs produce today, even when firing 100% hydrogen. Stable, reliable, and practical perfor- mance across a wide variety of fuels means operators can fire 100% hydrogen, a wide variety of refinery/petrochemical
fuel gas compositions, 100% natural gas, and large volumes of low BTU gas (LBG), and switch back and forth among various fuels more easily. The burner is capable of a 5:1 turndown in heat release. Burner tile sizes are comparable to existing burners of similar heat release, and it utilises a single primary fuel gas connection to the burner to limit fuel gas piping modifications. This design does not require additional fuel or air controls, or protective systems. Figure 1 shows the new burner design installed in an operating unit that has successfully operated for more than a year.
53
PTQ Q1 2026
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