In addition, this study shows that high throughput trickle-bed testing is an effective approach for evaluating the two-stage conversion of bio-oils to hydrocarbons with suitable cold-flow properties. For the blend of rapeseed and field cress oil used herein, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) converted the feed into a mixture of C 18 - 22 paraffins, but the product required downstream DW/HC for improvement of the cold-flow properties. The second-stage results showed that cloud point reduction, heavy tail removal, and gas formation can be balanced by choosing optimal catalyst loadings and reaction temperatures. High throughput testing is a powerful tool to identify these operating windows. A key finding is that sweet dewaxing/ hydrocracking performance depends strongly on stage 1 hydrodeoxygenation quality. When the hydrodeoxygenation effluent contained elevated heteroatom concentrations, cloud points in the dewaxing/hydrocracking step
increased, indicating inhibition of the noble- metal-based catalysts. This illustrates the impact of hydrodeoxygenation efficiency on subsequent processing steps and implies that careful monitoring is necessary to maintain target product quality.
VIEW REFERENCES
Kai Dannenbauer Kai.Dannenbauer@hte-company.de Adrian H. Hergesell Adrian.Hergesell@hte-company.de Ioan-Teodor Trotus Ioan-Teodor.Trotus@hte-company.de Johanna Rindebäck johanna.rindeback@varopreem.se Moa Sundén moa.sunden@varopreem.se
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