Nitrogen supply options were assessed, including front-end upgrades and on-site generation via PSA and cryogenic systems. Key findings • OTF nitrogen supply emerged as the most cost-effective solution, offering the lowest capital expenditure, minimal production loss, and the shortest turnaround time. • The integration strategy avoids overloading the existing reformer and compression systems, enabling a streamlined capacity increase. Key takeaways: Strategic pathways for ammonia decarbonisation Carbon borders will influence ammonia trade flows in the EU, as already evident, but long‑term competitiveness for EU producers will be shaped mainly by hydrogen and electricity costs. Europe’s policy framework, combining carbon pricing with border 220+ Attendees
adjustment, creates stronger structural drivers for conversion, though high energy costs still constrain near‑term economics. Phased integration approaches, particularly in the US, including partial hydrogen blending, offer a practical path to reduce emissions while managing technical and commercial risk, with viability tied to clean hydrogen pricing and the value placed on lower carbon intensity, especially for exports to Europe. Targeted measures such as moderate oxygen enrichment can support debottlenecking and reduce CO₂ emissions where infrastructure allows. As carbon costs rise in the EU, early movers may gain an advantage, but large‑scale conversion will depend on access to competitively priced low‑carbon hydrogen and power.
15 - 18 June 2026 | SOPOT, POLAND
EUROPE’S HUB FOR PRACTICAL REFINERY SOLUTIONS The only European interactive forum where process engineers tacklerefinery inefficiencies, optimise operations, and navigate the energy transition with industry-leading experts.
VK Arora vka@kpieng.com
100+ Refiners
3 Days of Technical Content
Why You Should Attend Solve real technical issues Get personalised insights and peer-reviewed feedback through live roundtables and expert Q&A sessions. Stay ahead of innovation Explore the latest refining technologies and best practices directly from pioneering operators and solution providers.
15 - 18 June 2026 | SOPOT, POLAND
EUROPE’S HUB FOR PRACTICAL REFINERY SOLUTIONS The only European interactive forum where process engineers tacklerefinery inefficiencies, optimise operations, and navigate the energy transition with industry-leading experts. Build your expert network Meet and collaborate with engineers, licensors and technologists across Europe
Who Attends:
220+ Attendees
100+ Refiners
3 Days of Technical Content
Why You Should Attend Solve real technical issues Get personalised insights and peer-reviewed feedback through live roundtables and expert Q&A sessions. or email us at tanushree.mulraj@wraconferences.com Contact us by calling +44 20 4570 6129
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